????:1??????:????499

2????????

3?????2023

4?24????qq??

5???????2021

???75????????????,?????????????????,???,?????????,???«???????????75?????»,???????

75??,???????????????????????8???????????????8??????????

?? ?1%??1/8

??1%???????1/8

???,?;???,??????????????;???,????????????……75??????????,????????????1%?????1/8,?????????????

1950???????????????????????,?11?????????????,????????????1%?????????????????,??????????“??”,?????????????????????????????????????????????……???

1978??????????,??2001?????????,??,?????????????;2013?????????,??;2023????,?????????????????5.9????,???12.4%,???7??……3/4??,???????????????????????????

??????,?????????????????????????????????????????,???????????,????????????,??,?????????????????????,“????”??????????????????????????????????8??????,???????????????1.3??????????????,??????139.9?,??????

???,???20132023???,???4%,???????????????1.6???????????????????,?????????,???……????,????

??????????? ???20%?95.1%

?20%,??????????????2023??95.1%

????????????????????????,???????????????,???????????,?,???????????????,??

???,??????????

????,????????????,????,????20%,????????????????2023??95.1%???,?????????????????20??????8090????????4.5????2023????1.4?????????????????????,?????

?????????,??

???????????,??????????????“??”???????“????????”:???????????????????,???????“??”????????;??????????8???,?????,???????????……?????????????????“???????????????”??“???”,???????????“??”???“????????????????????????????????”,????????????????,???????????????,?????

???????????? ?????????40????230????????????

????????40??230?????????

???????????????????,???????????,?????????????????????8????????,??????????,????14???,???

?“??”?????,????230???????????

???,?????????,????,??????????????????????,???,??????????????????????????“????(??)????”“????????????‘1210’????”??????“????????????,??????‘?’,??!”????????????????

???,?????????????????????,???????????????????????40?????????????????????,???,????,??????????????,???????

???,?????????????????,????????????,????,???????????

??????????????,??230?,???????140?????????“???”?,????2013??????????????????????????10.1?2023?????19.5?????????????????,???6.7%,???????39.3%???????????????46.6%;????????????????,??2000????????????????2.2%????????2.7%?????2023??????????4.7%??????8.2%?

? ??10??????????64.5??????

1978??????????????,???????????????????10?????;2023???,????????????64.5?????

????????,?????;????,?,???????????????……?????,?????

????????????????????????????????????????????????……??,??????????????

???,????????“10????????????”?????????????????????1978????????“64.5????”????2023????????????????,???“???”???

???????????,?????,??,???????????????????????,??????????,????“?”?2004????????????????????,?????«?????»???????,???,??????????????????????2019??????,?????????????????2023????????????????????????,???53.5%,??????????????5???????????????????

???????????,??????????????????,??????????????????????,?????

?????????? ?????

?????????????????2023???9331????,?????

???,??????????,??;??????????????????,????

?,????????????

??,??????????????????,1982???????46.9???????,???????34??????,20?????????????80?????????????,??????????????????80%?

?,???????????????????

19832023??,????????????6.5?,??????????????????????????????????,?????????????,?,2023????9331?????????????????????

?,????,??

??????????????????,??????????,???????50?????????????72?144?……????????????,?????,?????????????“???”?????,???????,?????????????,???????9617.1????????47.7%,????

??????????????????,???????;???;???;???????????????????????????????????????????????????????……???????????????,?,??

? ???

?10??????,??????????????????????????“????”????????????

????????????????????????,????“??”,???……?????,????????,????????“????????”?,???????????“?????????????????,???”????

???,???????????????“??????????????”,???

????,?????????????????????????????,???“?”?1957???,????????????19????1200?????,???8600????????????,?????20%????,???135??,????229????,????1.5??????????????1000????????“????”,???????????

???2018????,???,??????6????;2020??????????,???“???”??,????????????;2021????????????????????????,??????????????,?……?,????,??????????,2023?????,??????????3923?????????,?????117.1%,???2019???10.6%;??1.41???????,??????????????????????153.3%,?????????????????????2019??????????????????????8.25%????,????????????“???????”????

?? ??1????????????22????????“??????”

2023??,22???7.7????????????,??18.4%

??,????????????????,???????????2013?????????,????

???????????????????“???????”“?????”“????????????”“??”“??”“????”???????????????????“??”;??????;??……?????????“????????????”???????????

???,???????,????????????????;????1.6???,????;??????????4000?,?????4000???……???????????????????,??????????????????????,?????????????

????????????????????2013???????????,??????????????,?,????????????????????????????:

11???????,?22??????????????,??????????????????????,?????

11???????????,?????????“??????????”????????????3400?????????????,?????????7???4???,???300???????????

2023????????????????,22??????????7.7????,??????????????18.4%,???????????????,????????????????????,?????????????????,???,???,????????????,????????

?????????????? ??????????22???????

???,????2023??,??29????????????????22????????

2023?6?????????2???,«????????»(RCEP)??,?RCEP??15???????????,???????????(?????????????)????????RCEP???,???????????????1.48??????????????

RCEP???????:2023?,????????????????????RCEP???????????????14????12.6???????,???2021??????5.3%??,RCEP?????????????????????????30%,????????15??????????????????????????

??????,??????????????????????????,??20???????????

2002?????????????,?????????????«??»,????????,???????????????????????

?????????????,????????????????????????????,?????

?????????;????;???????????……?????????????????,????2023???????????,????????????29??????????22?????????????????????????,???????????????(??)???????1/3?????

22??????“????????”???????????????????????????,????????????“??”????????,??RCEP??,??????;?,?RCEP????????(? ????)

«?????????????»(2024?????09??????????????24?????????????????? ?????06?????????????????????????????) ???????????:????????????????