?? ??:???007????
????:1?????:?????
2?????????????
3????????
4????????????
5???????
??6?12???????(?????????)?,??????????????????????,??????????,??????????,?????????
????:????????????,??????????????
?????,?1909????(SIS)????:????????(MI6)???“???????”???,??????????“?”,??????????
???????????????,??????????????????“??”???:???????????,???,???????????????????????????????“????????????”?1918???1924????????,?????????,???????
???????????????????????????????/?“??????”??????????????,?????????,?????????
????????«??»?????,1951??????????????????????,??????????????,????????????,???????,?????
??,????????????????????????,????????1955??????1960?9?????????,??,??3????????????????(????????????)????????????????????,?????
????,911?,???????????????“??”,??????2021??????????11?,??????,??????????
??:??,???
???????:??????,?????200????????
????«???????:1760????1840?????????????????????????????????????»???????,1792???,???????,?????????,??????
??????/???????????????????,????????????????????,?????????,????????????,????????????????,??????
1832??????????,??“??????????????????????”?????????,?????????????????,??,?????????????????,?????????????,???????
????????????????,??«?»????????????????????,19??60???????????,??,?????????????
????????????????????????/?????????????????«?????????:?????»?????,????????,??,?????,?????????????????,?????????????????????????????,1903???????????,?????
???????????,??80?????????????????????????????,?????????????,?????????????????,????????????
???????????:?????????????,?
???????????????,???????,?????
??????(???)?????/?????«?»???????,???????????,???1950??8?,????????????????????????,????????????????,?????
??????«??????????»??????????,1955?????,??????????,?????
??????????,??,?????????????????????,??????????????2007???“???”??,2011??????????,????????
??????????,??????????????«????????»2013????,??,???????????????«???????????»????,????????????,???????
?????????/?????????«??????????????????»????,????????????????2017???????????????,???????,???????????
?????,???????,????,???????????????«?????????»??«??»,?????????????,?????????????????????????????????????
?????????????,?????,?????????????????,????????????????????????????,???????????(?????????????????)
?????????????:??