????:1???????:??????

2???????????

3???????

4????????????

5??????????

????????????10?????????????????,?,????????????????????,????,??,???????????????,??

?,?????2014???11?,?????????????????????;?????????,“???????????????”????????????,???????“??”???

2023??????????????,??????13?????????????,???????????????,????????????????????????

??,??????,??????2022?????????????,?,??????????????????13???/?????“???????”,??????500km??2023?,???8???????????????-12??????????????????/????????????

???,????????,??????????“??????????”???????????????:????????????????????6????-9??/???,???5????????/???????????????,???????????“?????”?

???,???????????,????60????????????400???????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,????“??????????????”?????????????????,????????????????

??“?”???

?????????????????,??????????????10?????????????????????????????????????????,???3????????,????????????????????????????????6?????,??????“?????????????”???

5???????,???????,?????????,??????????????????????????“?????????????”?,??????????????????,??????,???????2016?????,?????????????????

???????????????????2019?7?????????25??????,?????????“????”???????«???????????????»??????????????????,??30?????????60????????????????????????,????????,20????????????????????60?????????????,???????????????????7????

“??????????”?????????????????????????????,???????????????45???????,????,????????,??“???????????”????????????

?,???????????????????,????,??????????????2000????????????,??????????????,???????????,???????????,????

??????,????????????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????,????,??????????10??,“??”??,???????

???????????,????????????????????2016??????,??????????ofo??????,“??????,???”?

6700?,??????????????:“?,?????,???????????????????????”????,????????????,??????,??????

??????????“??”

2018?????,??????????,???????????????,??“?,???????????”???????????2015???????????????????????,???????????,?????,?????????????????????????????10??????????????????:“????????????”

??????,??????21?,????,?????????????????,?????(NASA)????????????????,?????????????????NASA????????????Space X?????????????????21???

2023???,???????223?????????????????,?????67???????????????,??????

????????????,????,??????????????,????????????????????“???”?

?????????????????????????,???,????,??????,2023-2028??????,??????,2025??2.8??????

???????????????????

??????????????????,???????

????,?????28???,?????

??“??”???????????????,????????????????????????,??????????????

??????,?????????????3???,???????????????,???????????????,?????????????????

???????????,?,???????????????????????,???,??“?”???????????????????????,???????,“??????????????”?

????????,???“??????????????”

????????????,???????????????,????????????????,????,??,????????????????????????????,???????

???????????????????????

«2021?????????????»??????,2016??????????2021?????,????207?,??????????????96.7%??????????,?????????????????????????????????????,?????????

???????,??????3??????????????????????????2021-2022????????,????“??”???????,???????“????????”,?????????????????

2021???????????2??1????,????????“??????????”????,????????????????

????????????????????????,28????,??????????????????:“???????,?????”

?????????????,????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????????,“??????????????,????????????????,?????????????,????????????????,?????”?

??????????????2022????????????5?????13????????,??????????,??????,????????????????????????,“???????”???????????,“???”?

??,???????0.2mm???????,????????????????,?????????,???

????????????????,????:“????????????,????????”?????????????,??????????????,????????????????,?????????????

?????????,??????600??????????,?,????????????????340????????????????????????????,????????

??????????????,2023?4??7???????????????,“??”?????????????????????????????,????????????????,??????????,???

??????????????????,?,??,?????,??,???,???,??????

???

????????,?????????????30????????????????????,??,??????????????????????,?????????????????,???????

???????????20??????????????????90?,??,?????????????????????????????,??????“?????????”,???????????????“?????”?

???,?,????????,???

???,??????????????????????2008?????????????,?????????????,???????????????????,“??????????”??????????

?????45????????????,????????????????????25????????,?????,????????????????????????,???????????????,??????????????,????????1800????????

????????????,?????,??????,??????????,??????????????1000?????????????????,????????“???????,????,??????????????????”?????????????,“?????,??????????”

(??,?)

?????????????????????? ? ???????????????????? ?? ?:?????? ???????????????:?????