??????????????,???

????:?????:???????????

6??????10??,??

???,????????:?????,??,????????????????,?,????????????????????????????????????????????“???????????????????????”,????????«??????????????»????:“?????”?

?????(??:????,«????????,?????»,????,2023(18):50-53.)

????????????,???,??????????,????????????????????????????????????????“??????”????,??????

?????

01 ????????????

??

??????????????,????,????????,??“???????????”?

??????????????,?,???????????????,?????????,??,???????“??????????”??????????????????“??”,?????????“??”????C???,???????????,??????????????????????,??,??????????????????????????????????????

?«????»???(???????????:????«???»,?)

??????,????????“????”??????????,???????,???,????,?????????????????,??????????,?????????????????????????,??,??? “???,??????????”?

?«????????????»:“?,??????”?(????:????????????«??:??»,????????????1936?????)

?????????,?,?????????????????????????????????,???

???,???,???,??????????????????????????,?????,????“?”????????????“?”???????,?????“????????”??,“????????”???“???????????????”,???,“???”?????“??????”???????????????????,???

????,????(????),????,???????? ???????? ??????????(??:???????)

??????,????????,???????,????,?????????????????????????????????????????,??????,??«??»??:“????,??????????”

??“??”“???”????????????,?,??,??,???????2.0??,????????

??????,??????,????,??????????,??,???????????????????????????,????????????

?????????,???“??????????”??“???”??“????”,“??”???“????????????????”???,????“????”?????????,?????????????“?????”????,??“???”,????,????,?,??“???????????”

?????,??,“??”???,?????,?????,????????,?????

02 ???????,????

?????

????????????“?”???????“?????????????????”???,??????????????????“?????”«??»??????????????,????????????,??

?????

?,????????,?????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????«????»«????????»«?????????????»????????????????????,???????????????????????????«????»,???,????,???,????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,??????,«?»«?????»«????»??????????????«???????»??????,???????????????????

???????????,????,???????????????,??????????????????,???????????“???”?????,????“???”???????????,??????????????????????????????????,????????«??»«?????????»????,??????????????“??????????”?,????????????,??????????«????»?????«?????»?«???»???,??????????????,?????,????????,????????????,???????

??2024???,??????????????“?????”???????????????,?????,???????????????????

????“????”????,?“????”,?,????????????,???,?????????????;???, ????,?????????????,“????????????????????”,????“?”????????????????,???????????,??????????????????????

???,???????????????????,??????????????????(????:????)

??????:

“???????,?????,??????,???,????????????,????!”

??????,??“?”????????????,?,???,?????

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????……??????????????????????????????,????,??

?????????,?????,???????????,?????,?????,????

???,?????????

03 “???”????,??

??,???????????

??2006????????????2009???????????????????????????????????,??,????????????????

?????????????,??????????????????,??????

?2023?????????????«??????»??????????????????? ??????????? ??(?????:??????) ????,????? ?????????(????:??)

“?????”???,???,??“????????????????,???????”?????????,????????“?”:????????????????????????

??????????????????????? ??????(???????????????:??)

???????,???????????????????????????????????……???????????????????????????,??????????,??????????????,????“??????”?????

??????????

?2024?????????5????15????,?????????????????????? ???????????????(???:??)

?????????

?????!?????:????

?????????,??????????????????????,??????????????????????????????,????,?????“?????”,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??????????

????,????????????????????????????

???????????????

??????????????? ????(????:???????)

???????,???????????????,????????????????,????,????????????????,???

?????????????????2017?“?????????”?????????????? ?????????????????? ??(???????:???????)

???,“(??)?????,??????,????‘??’,?????(????????????),???,????????,??”

???????????????????????????

?????,??????????,???????“?????”???

????????????????,??:

??

???????

??,??

(????:??)

???????????????? | ?

?????? | ???????

??? | ????

(????)

???:????????????