????:1????????:?????????

2???????

3?????

4???92???

5????????????

???9????????????19????????? (? ??????????)??“????????????????????”(Sigma Geography),9????19??????????????????????????,“????????????????????”???????????,????????“??”,???

???????????????????

?????????????????(??????????)?????????????,“??????????????????”??????????????,??????????????????????????,??“????”????“???????????”“?”“????????”“????”?????,???????????????????????????????????

9?????????????19??,“??”???????????????“????????”?????????????????? ??????????????????? ???

“????????????”??????????,“?????”?,????????????4??????????????????????16????????????,?????????????320???????????????,???4??????????,“????????”???????,???31.3%?

“?????”??,???????????????????,??“??”????????????,????,???????????????????????????????????

“??”??,?????????“????????????????”???,??“???????????????”????????????????????,???

“??”??,???????????????“???”??,?????????????????????????,??

??????????????

“???????????”?????,??????“?????????????????????????????”???????????????????????????????,?????????“??”?????????,??????????????????????,???,??,????

9????????????????19?????,“????????????????”?????????? ??? ?????????????????????????????

????????????????????????????,????????????????????????????“?????”,????????????????????,??,?????????,?,??

??????????????????????????,“??????”?????????????????,??,?????????????,???,??????????????

????????????,“????????”????????????,???????,??,???????????????????????

???????????????,“??????????????????????????”???????????????????????????????,“???”???????????????

?????????????????

??“??????????”??????????????????,??“???????????????????????”?????????????????????“????????????”????;“????????????????????”??,?????????????“?”,??????????????????????????,“??”??????,?,???????????

“?????????????????????”??????????,?????????????????????,??,??????????????????,“??????”??«????????????????????»????????«??»«???????????????????»??10?????????????????

??????????????????,???????????????????????,“?”???????????????,??;??,???,?????????????????????????????????????

?????????????????,???????????????????“?”,?“??”?????????,??,?????????????????????????????,?????????????????“?”??????????????“???????”“??”????????????(??)

??????????????????????:????????????