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?????9???????20? ????9????????????15???????,?????????????????????,??????????????????????????????«???????????????»(The Desert News)?????????????????17??????????????????????,?????????????????????,??,????????????????????

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?????(NPR)??????????????????17??,?????(Soufan Group)??????(Colin Clarke)????,?????????????,?,?????????????

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?????????????????,??,??,??????????(University of Maryland)??????????????????????(START Center)????????????(Gary LaFree)?????:“????????????,???????21?????????2015?????????????2016??????(??????????????????????????????)????????????”

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???????,???????????(Ryan Cowley)??,?????????2020??,???????????????29??20???,???????“?????????????????”?????????????????????????,?????:“????,??????????????????????????????????????,??????????(??????????)?”

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????(Polarization and Extremism Innovation Lab)??????(Brian Hughes)??????,???,??,??????????“?????????????????,??????????????”???????????

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