????:1?????????????:????????????

2????98??

3?????????

4????????????????

5???????????

???????????9?????????????????????19? (?????????????? ???????????????)??“?”(Sigma Geography),9???19?????,“????”????????????,?????“??”,????????????????????????

??????????????

?(?)?????????????????,“???????”????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????,??“??”???????????????????????“????”“?????”“???????????”“????????????”???????????????,???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

9?????19?????????????????,“??”?????“????????????”???????????????? ????????? ??

“??”??????????????????,“?????????????”?????????,??4??????????????????????16????????????,??320???,???????????4??????????????????????????????????,“????????????”?????????????????????,????????????31.3%?

“????????”??????????,?????,????????“????????????”???,??????????????????,??????????????????????????????????

“?????”???,??“???????????”??,?????????????????????“???????????????”?????,?????????

“???????????”?????,?????????“????????????”??????,?????????????????????????????????????????????,????

???

“???”?????????????????????????,???“?”???????????????????????????????,??????“??”??,?,?????????????,???,????????????????

9???19??????????,“??”??????????????? ??? ???

?,????????“??”,????????????????????????????????,???????,??,????????????????????,???

????????????,“?????????”??,?????????,?????????????????????????????????,????,????

??,“??”????????????????????,?????????,??,????????????

?,“??”??????????????????????????????????????????,“?????????????????”?????????????

???????

????“????????”?????????????????????????????,???????????????“????”???????“?????????”?????????;“??????????????????????”??????????????,???????????????????????“?????????????”,?????????????????????????????,“??????????”??,?????????????????????,???

“?”??????????????????,??,?,???????????????????????????????????????????????,“???????”??«??»?????«???»«?????????????????»??10???

?????????????????????,????????,“??”??,????????????;???????,???????????,????????????????????????????????

????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????“????????”,????“???”??,??,??????????????,???????“????????????????????????????”??????????????“????????????”“?????????????”????(?????????)

???????????????????:???