????:1???95?????:???????????

2????????

3????????

4???????

5?????V

?????????9????20????????? ???9??????15?????????,????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????«?????»(The Desert News)?????????????????17?????????????????????,???????,??????,?????

???????«??»???????

???,?????,??????????,????????????????????????20?????????????????????60?,????????????????,?????????????????

????(NPR)???17????,??(Soufan Group)?????????(Colin Clarke)???,???????,?????????????????,???

???????????????????

???????????????????????,????????????,??????,????????????????????????????(University of Maryland)????????(START Center)???????????(Gary LaFree)?????????????????????????:“????,?21??????????????????????2015???2016?????????(???)????”

????????????,??,??????????????????????????????,“????”?????????????????(Bridging Divides Initiative)??????“?????????”??(CivicPulse)?????????,????????????????????????????????????????,???

??????????,????????????(CBS News)?????,????,???????????????????????????

????????????????????????,??«??????»???????????????????(PBS NewsHour)??????(NPR)??(Marist)????,????????????20%???,??,???

???,??????????(Ryan Cowley)?????????????????????????,??????????????????????2020????????????,?????????????????29?????20??????????????,?????????????“?????????????????”???????????????????????????????????,?:“???????????????????????,???????????????????????????,???(????????????????)?”

?????????,??????????(NBC Washington)????,?????????????,????????????????,??????,???????????????

??

????(University of California - Davis)??,??????,???????????????25%???????????,??????????????????????,???????????????,???????

???(American University)??,?“??,???????????????”?

??(Polarization and Extremism Innovation Lab)?????????????????????(Brian Hughes)????,?,???????????????,????“????????,????????”?????????

???:??????????

??:??