?? 8???,??????????
????:1???????:???????????
2?????????
3???????????
4????????????
5?????
??????????75????,???,??????????????,??????????,??????????«???75??»,????
75???????,??????????????8???????????????8????????????????
????????????? ??????????????????????1%???1/8
??????????1%?1/8
??,???????;?,?;?????????????????????,?……75????????????,??1%????1/8,??
1950???,?????????????11????????????,???1%????????,?????????????????“????????????????????”,?????????????????????????????????????……????????????????
1978????,???2001??????????,?????????????????,???;2013???,???????????;2023???????,??5.9?????????,???12.4%,?7??????????????……3/4?????,??????????????
????,?????????????????????????????????,???,???????????,???,???,“???????????????????????”???????8???,????????1.3????,?????139.9?,??
?????????????????,???20132023???????????,?????????????4%,???1.6??????????????????,??,?????……????????,???
??? ????????20%??95.1%
??20%,??????????????????2023??????95.1%
?,?,??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,??,???,??????????
?????????????????????,?????
?????????,????,?????????????,???20%,????2023????????????????????95.1%?????????,??????????????20????????????8090????????????????4.5?????????????2023??????????1.4??????,?????????????
???????,?????????
??,??“????????????”?????????????????“????”:?????????????????????????,?????????????????“???????????????”???????????????????;???????????8????,?,??????????????????????????????……?“????????”???????????????“?????????????”,?“???”?“??”,???,??????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????
?????????????????? ?40????????????230??????????
?????????????????????40??230??????????????
??,????????????????,???????8????,??????????????,???????????????14??,???????
???“????”?????????????????,????230????
???,???,???????????,?????????????????,???????,?“?????(?????)???”“???‘1210’??????????”?????????????“??,?????????????‘????????????????’,?!”????
????,?????????,????????????40???????????????,??????????????????,????,????????????,????????
?????,?????,?????????????????????????????????,???,????????????
????????,???????????230?????????????,????????140???“???”??,????2013???10.1??2023???19.5??,???6.7%,???????????????????39.3%?46.6%;?,???2000?????2.2%???????2.7%??2023??????????????4.7%???8.2%?
?? ????????10??64.5??
1978??,??????????10???????????????????;2023?????,???????64.5??
??,??????????;?????,?????????????????,????????????????????????????????……????,????
?????????????????????????????????????????????……?????????????,????????????????????
??,???“10????????????”??????????1978??????????????????“64.5???”?????2023??????????,??“???????????”?????
????,??,??,?????????????????????????,????,????????????“????”?2004???,???«???»??,?,????2019?????????????,???????????????2023?????,???????????53.5%,?5???????
?,?????????,????,????????
???? ?????????
??????????2023?9331??????,???
??????????,?????????????,???????;????????,?????????????
??,???
??????????,?????????????????????,1982??????????????46.9????????????,??34??????????,20????80?,??????????????80%?
?????,????
19832023??????????,???????????????????6.5?????,???????????????????????,???,????,2023??????????9331???????
????,????,??????
?????????????????????????,???????,??????50????????????72????????????????144????……????????????????,????,??????“?”???,???????????????????????,?????,???????????????????9617.1???????????????????????47.7%,???????
??,?????????????????????????????????????????????;??????????????????????;??????????????;???????????????????……????????,????????????????????????,????
??????????? ??
?????10??????????????????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????“???????????”???
???????????????????,?“?”,???……????????????,???,?????“??????????”???,???????????????????????????“???????????,??????????”?????
????????????????,????“????????????????”,??
???,?????????,?????“???”?1957??????????,????19???1200??????????,??????8600?,???20%????,???135???????,?????????????229??,????1.5?????????1000??????????????“???”,?????????????
?2018?,?????????????????,??????6????????;2020??,?“??”??????????????????,???;2021??,??,????……???????,????????????????,??????????????????,2023??????????,????3923??,?117.1%,???2019???????10.6%;??????????????????????1.41????????????????,???????????????????????153.3%,?????????2019????8.25%???????????,???“??????????????????”???????
?? ???1???22??“??????”
2023????,22????7.7???,?????18.4%
??????????????,??????,????2013?,???
?????“?????????????”“???”“??”“?????????”“????”“??????????”??????“??”;?;??……???????“??????????????”?????????????
?????????????,???????????????????,????????????;????????????1.6????????????????,??????;????????????4000????????????,?????4000???……?????,??????????????????,???
?2013???,?????????????????,????,?????????????:
11???????,?????????22????,???????????????????????????????,??????????????????
11??,????????????????????????“????”?????3400????????????????,????????????????7??4????,?????????????300????????????????
2023????,22???????????7.7???,??18.4%,????????????????????,????????,?????????????,????,??,????????????????????,??????????
???????????????? ???22????????????????
????????,?2023??,??29??????22??
2023??6???????????????????2???????????????,«??»(RCEP)????,?????RCEP??15?????????,?????????????????????????????(??????????????)?????RCEP???????????????????????????,????1.48??
RCEP????????????????:2023?,??RCEP????????????????????????14???12.6???,???????2021???????5.3%????,RCEP??????????????????????????30%,????????15???????????????????
??????????????,?????????????,????20????????????????
2002???????,??????????????«??????????????????????????»,????????????????????????????????????????,?????
?,?????,??
???;????;????……?????,????????????????2023???????,??????????????29?????????22????????????,???????????????(????)??????????????????1/3?????????????
22????????????????????“?????????????”???????,??????“?????”????????????,???????RCEP????????????,??;???????????????,??RCEP???????(??? ?????????????????)
«????????????»(2024??09???????????24????? ???????????06????????) ?????????:??????????????