????:1????????:?????????

2??????

3?????

4????????????

5??????????

??9??19??????????? (?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????)?????“?????????????”(Sigma Geography),9??????????????????????????19????????????????????,“????”??????,??“??????????”,?????

??????

??(???????????????)????,“??”????????????????????????????????????????????,???????????????????????????????????,??????????“??”??“?????”“????????????”“???????????”“?????????????????”?????????????????????,???????????????????????????

9???????????????????????19?,“?”???????????????????“???????”????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????

“???”??????????????????????????,“???????????”??????,???4???????????????????16??????,????320???,?????????4?????????????????????????,“??????????”?????????????????????????????,??????????31.3%?

“??????????????????????????”?????????,???????????,??????????????“??”?????????????,?,?????????????????

“??????????”???,??????????“???????????????????????????????????”?????????,???“???”??????,???????????????????

“????????”??,???“???????????”?????????,??????????????????????????????????,??????????????????

??

“?????”?????????????????????,???????????????????????“???????????????????”????????????????????,????????????????????“??”?,?,???,???,?????

9???19????,“?????????????”?????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?????????????

??,??“??”,???????????????????????,????????????,??,?????????????????,???????????????

???,“??”???,???????,???????????????????,?????????,??????????????????????

????????,“???”?,???????????????????????????????,???????????,?????

?,“?????????????”????????????????,“??”????????????

???

?“?????”???,??“????????????”????“????”???;“????????????”??,?????????????????????“??”,???,“??”????????,????????,??????????????????????

“?????????????????”?????????????????????????????,??,??,????????????????,“??”??«?????????»????????«??»«??»??????????????????10?????????????

??????????????????????,????????,“??????????????????????????”???????,????????????????;????,??,?????????????????????????????????????

??,?????????????????????????????????????“??”,??“??”??????????????,???????????????,?????????????????,?“??????”???????????????“????????????????????????????”“?????????”???(????????????)

?????????????:????