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3?????????

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??????9????20??? ??????9??????15???????????????,????????????????????????????????,??????????????????????????????????«?????????»(The Desert News)????????????17?????????????????,????????????????,??????????????????????,????????????????????

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????,???????,?????????,????????????????????????20???????????????60???????????,???,??

?(NPR)?????????17???????????????,?????(Soufan Group)????????????????????(Colin Clarke)??,?,?????,???????????????????

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?????????,??????????????????,????,?????????????(University of Maryland)?????????????????????????????(START Center)???????(Gary LaFree)???????:“??????????,?????????????21?????????????????2015???2016?????(??)???????”

??,???,???????????????????????,“??????”???(Bridging Divides Initiative)????“?????????”????????(CivicPulse)?,????????????????????????????????????,??

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??,???????????????(Ryan Cowley)?????????,??2020??,???29????20?????,?????????????????“????”??????????????????????,???:“????????????,?????????????????????,??(??)?”

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??????????????????????????????(American University)???,????????????????“?????????????????????,???????????????????”?

??(Polarization and Extremism Innovation Lab)????????????????????(Brian Hughes)???????????????????,???????????????,??????????????,???????????????????????????“?????,???”??

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